The discover discomfort swahili noun classes and grammar cheat sheet. They are frequently part and parcel of kimji or even standard swahili meaning here the standard swahili dialect in tanzania mainlandsd. Oct, 2014 as of october 2014, an additional over 4300 extra entries have been added to the search from the microsoft swahili terminology list. Swahili, a member of the sabaki subgroup of northeast coast bantu, has a noun class system that is typical of bantu languages. It is uncustomary for the borrowed nouns to take the swahili noun class. Just as gender accord is required in many indoeuropean languages e. In these languages, animate nouns are predominantly of common gender, while inanimate nouns may be of either gender. To bring our country more foreign currency, tourism is associated with coffee, and because many of these tourists travel by plane. The nouns of bantu origin are also quite diverse, designating among other things various kinds of fruit, names of animals, and objects in everyday use.
Swahili noun classes ultimate cheat sheet discover discomfort. About half of the swahili noun classes are meaningful semantic groupsthe nouns within those classes all have a lot in common e. It is a lingua franca of the african great lakes region and other parts of eastern and southeastern africa, including kenya, tanzania, uganda, rwanda, burundi, some parts of malawi, somalia, zambia, mozambique and the democratic republic of the congo drc. For example, swahili has eight noun classes, most having singular and plural forms. When the plural prefix vi is added to an adjective, it forms an adverb.
Possessives and associatives 1 identify the pronomial prefix used for possessives and. Noun classes determine concord morphology on nominal modi ers and agreement on verbs. A cheat sheet to swahili noun classes and associated grammar, including why. However, the noun class system found in kiswahili and the gender systems found in. Nouns in kiswahili are grouped into various noun classes because. Sepik languages all distinguish between at least masculine and feminine genders, but some distinguish three or more genders. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
Swahili noun classes noun classes ngeli za kiswahili nouns in kiswahili are grouped into various noun classes because of two main reasons. Swahili swa iso 6392 grammar is typical for bantu languages, bearing all the hallmarks of this language family. The singular form of a noun belongs to a di erent noun class than the plural form of that noun does. Swahili grammar and workbook provides a practical and comprehensive companion to swahili grammar, filling in gaps left by other textbooks. Noun class concordial agreement in swahili table 2. Swahili is a major language spoken in large parts of mainly east africa, primarily as a lingua. For a list of wiktionary entries for nouns in this class, see category. Mar 02, 2016 swahili grammar and workbook provides a practical and comprehensive companion to swahili grammar, filling in gaps left by other textbooks. Katika kuiletea nchi yetu pesa zaidi za kigeni, utalii unafuatwa na kahawa, na kwa sababu wengi wa watalii hawa husafiri kwa ndege kuja kenya, kuna haja kubwa sana ya kutiliwa mkazo zaidi shughuli za safari za ndege ili kuimarisha utalii. But there is also a set of u prelixed nouns that can havplural coumerparts in either class 910 or class. Remarks on a few polyplural classes in bantu jouni filip maho department of oriental and african languages goteborg university jouni. Feb 29, 2020 katika kuiletea nchi yetu pesa zaidi za kigeni, utalii unafuatwa na kahawa, na kwa sababu wengi wa watalii hawa husafiri kwa ndege kuja kenya, kuna haja kubwa sana ya kutiliwa mkazo zaidi shughuli za safari za ndege ili kuimarisha utalii. Noun class as number in swahili ellen continimorava. Dutch the masculine and the feminine have merged into a common gender in standard dutch, but a distinction is still made.
The book is a unique language learning tool for students of english. For example, in the mwa class, the example is mtu a person or watu people. List of languages by type of grammatical genders wikipedia. Noun classes 910 are primarily marked with, although. A word such as kitabu book may be taken to mean either the book or a book depending on. Each noun class has both a singular and a plural form, to make 18 total. Swahili is the most widely spoken african language and the lingua franca of eastern africa, including kenya, uganda, tanzania, and eastern congo zaire. Classes 9 10 have the largest number of foreign words of any noun class in swahili, thus making the total vocabulary very large and very diverse as to content. Swahili grammar and workbook download ebook pdf, epub. A complete set for practicing all 6 swahili noun classes and the 3 mahali location classes, including singularplural examples of each. Classes 3 m 2, 7 ki, and 5 ji, leaving aside class 1 m 1 and 910 no prefix, for the reasons mentioned above. Swahili grammar and workbook fidele mpiranya download. But you dont have to save this download a copy of the cheat sheet as a pdf. Nearly all of these classes can be broken into singularplural pairs.
Fsi swahili an active introduction general conversation. As is well known, borrowed nouns may be located in class 56 or 910, and animate nouns in class 96. Intended for both speakers of english or swahili, the guide also includes appendices of english irregular verbs, swahili noun classes and useful phrases and vocabulary. It is a lingua franca of the african great lakes region and other parts of eastern and southeastern africa, including kenya, tanzania, uganda, rwanda, burundi, some parts of malawi, somalia, zambia, mozambique and the. For example, the class 910 noun punda donkeys is followed by the class 4 noun milia stripes to mean zebra. This is due to how they have treated these noun classes but, with this manual you will enjoy yourself. Pdf grammatical noun class agreement processing in kiswahili.
The first column of the table gives example nouns in each class. Abstract nouns are often in class 14, loanwords in classes 910 and 56. In swahili nouns inflect from the beginning, which m eans that the word m ay be in a totally different part of the dictionary, depending on whether it is given in singular or plural. When using a verb, this noun class uses a in singular and wa in plural for. It students with a glance at american lifestyle, as well as a compendium of useful vocabulary, the dictionary is. Every swahili noun belongs to a class, which determines how that noun modifies verbs, adjectives, and other grammatical entities.
The kamusi project english swahili dictionary a abandon verb, acha. The new oxford picture dictionary contextually illustrates over 2,400 words. At the end of the book there are some useful pages on english irregular verbs infinitive swahili verbs are given in brackets, swahili noun classes, useful phrases and vocabulary, cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, weighs and measures, time, days of the week, months, star signs. As suggested above, the use of this noun in class 910 unchanging in the. It is used to form verbal nouns, equivalent to an infinitive or a gerund in a european language. For example, the noun class affiliation of a noun is missing or defective. As of october 2014, an additional over 4300 extra entries have been added to the search from the microsoft swahili terminology list. General conversation preface in the summer of 1965, the foreign service institute produced for peace corps use an experimental course in swahili. Kiswahilis vowel harmony there are 9 noun classes in kiswahili. Swahili swa iso 6392 grammar is typical for bantu languages, bearing all the hallmarks of. Noun class as number in swahili ellen continimorava free download as pdf file.
For example, swahili utilizes over noun classes, the equivalence of a romance language having genders. They abandoned their homes after the storm waliacha nyumba zao baada ya dharuba. Noun class as number in swahili request pdf researchgate. There are 16 classes of swahili nouns, each distinguished by the prefix that is attached to the stems of every noun in that class every noun in a given class takes the same prefix. The language is unusual in several areas, including the interaction of a noun class system with a system of numeral and verbal classifiersalong with a system of possessive classifiers. Sarufi ya kiswahili cha ngazi ya kwanza na kati almasi, oswald, fallon, michael david, wared, nazish pardhan on. It is a lingua franca of the african great lakes region and other parts of eastern and southeastern africa, including kenya, tanzania, uganda, rwanda, burundi, some parts of malawi, somalia, zambia, mozambique and the democratic republic of. Jun 20, 20 even though the demonstratives hapa or hapo actually refer to noun class 16, swahili speakers almost always use the noun class 17 prefix to form possessives and associatives for them. This is the largest and longestrunning online swahili dictionary with any meaningful editorial quality control. Presenting the essentials of swahili grammar in a highly accessible fashion, it reduces complex language topics to helpful rules and mnemonic aids, enabling maximum grammar retention and accurate usage. Swahili nouns are, like those in other bantu languages, noted for a system of semantically based classing, which affects not only nouns but also their modifiers adjectives, numbers, demonstratives and verbs.
This chapter will focus on two more noun classes in the swahili noun class system namely the n. Possessives and associatives 1 identify the pronomial prefix used for possessives and associatives and the complete. Three full noun classes are devoted to different aspects of space and time. Full text of swahili basic course internet archive. It students with a glance at american lifestyle, as well as a compendium of useful vocabulary, the dictionary is organized thematically, beginning with topics that. These include agglutinativity, a rich array of noun classes, extensive inflection for person both subject and object, tense, aspect and mood, and generally a subjectverbobject word order. Whereas in english, a hypothetical equivalent compound would place the noun for the stripes first and also require the singular. Swahili grammar for introductory and intermediate levels. Swahili represents an african world view quite different. You will most commonly use these with nouns like shambani or nyumbani, or the locative demonstratives hapa, huko, kule, etc.
Swahili, also known by its native name kiswahili, is a bantu language and the first language of the swahili people. The majority of these new words are apparently classified into the class 910, where. All nouns are treated in appropriate noun class with other grammatical processes like possessive marker, relative markers and many others. The kamusi project englishswahili dictionary a abandon verb, acha. The noun class prefixes of class 910 are much more difficult to handle, part of each of the rules in 5ad ar e needed to take car e of them. Noun class concordial agreement in sheng we observe that paka cat, which belongs to class 1 in standard swahili, is coindexed with prefixmarker ifor subject in sheng. These are basically semantic classes, such as the m wa class that includes most of the names of animals and humans. Verbs agree with the noun class of their subjects and objects.
Sep 03, 2018 9 singolaresingolare pluraleplurale 1 m wa 2 3 m mi 4 7 ki vi 8 solo le classi 12, 34, 78 costituiscono classi reciprocamente appaiate. The arabic loans kitabu book and kibiriti match are thus. Jul 02, 2019 the discover discomfort swahili noun classes and grammar cheat sheet. This prefix is inherent with noun class 34 in standard swahili. Danish danish has four gendered pronouns, but only two grammatical genders in the sense of noun classes. A substantial amount of the swahili vocabulary is of nonbantu origin, and. Possessives and associatives for locative nouns take the noun class 17 prefix. Nouns in the n class are identical in both their singular and plural forms and therefore do not.
Online swahili english dictionary african languages. Shop foreign language study swahili books at alibris. May 27, 20 every swahili noun belongs to a class, which determines how that noun modifies verbs, adjectives, and other grammatical entities. Swahili morphology a comparison english language essay. Cycle 45 practice using transportation schedules cycle 46 tell us about your trip. Swahili phrases agree with nouns in a system of concord, but if the noun refers to a human, they accord with noun classes 12 regardless of their noun class.
Even though the demonstratives hapa or hapo actually refer to noun class 16, swahili speakers almost always use the noun class 17 prefix to form possessives and associatives for them. Even though the demonstratives hapa or hapo actually refer to noun class 16, swahili speakers almost always use the noun class 17 prefix to form. General conversation cycle 44 does flight 23 go to balt1more. On the basis of the base form of many borrowed or coined nouns it is not possible to determine the class affiliation of the noun. Swahili is a bantu language of the nigercongo family and has a typical, complicated bantu structure.